Trace fossils are preserved evidence of biological activity left behind by organisms in the geological past. Unlike body fossils, which preserve physical parts of an organism, trace fossils preserve structures produced while an organism was alive. Footprints,...
Porifera is a phylum of aquatic animals commonly known as sponges. They are among the simplest groups of living animals, but their biology is more complex than their appearance suggests. Sponges have specialized cells, organized water-flow systems, skeletal...
Triassic Period was the first period of the Mesozoic Era and a time of major recovery and evolutionary change after the devastating end-Permian mass extinction. During this period, ecosystems were rebuilt, Pangaea remained the dominant supercontinent, and many...
Cyanobacteria are ancient photosynthetic bacteria that have played a major role in Earth’s biological and geological history. They can capture sunlight, use carbon dioxide to build organic matter, and many species release oxygen as a product of photosynthesis....
The Mesozoic Era was a long period of geological and biological change that shaped many of the ecosystems known from the fossil record. It included the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous periods and witnessed major changes in Earth’s landscapes, oceans, climate,...
KT Extinction was one of the most important mass extinction events in Earth’s history, occurring about 66 million years ago at the boundary between the Cretaceous and Paleogene periods. It ended the age of non-avian dinosaurs and caused major losses in marine...
