Latest Post & Case Study
Types of Drainage Pattern
The drainage pattern refers to the arrangement of streams, rivers, and lakes within a specific drainage basin. The land's topography, the types of rocks present in the area, and the slope of the land influence it. Types of Drainage Patterns: Most stream networks are...
Exploring Silicates: The Backbone of Earth’s Crust
Silicates: Silicates are compounds containing silicon as an anion. The most common silicates are oxides, but hexafluoro silicates and other anions are also included. Silicate minerals contain (SiO4)4- in their structure. Silicates form the largest class of mineral...
X-ray Crystallography: From Bragg’s Law to Mineral Discovery
X-ray Crystallography: X-ray Crystallography is a technique in crystallography in which the pattern produced by X-ray diffraction through the closely spaced lattice of atoms in a crystal is recorded and then analyzed to reveal the nature of that lattice. Uses: X-ray...
The Significance of Miller Indices in Crystal Structures
Miller Indices: Miller indices for crystallographic planes are the reciprocals of the fractional intercepts (with fractions cleared), which the plane makes with the crystallographic x, y, and z axes of the three nonparallel edges of the unit cell. It consists of a...
Crystal Twinning
Crystal twinning is the symmetrical intergrowth of two or more crystals, related by a symmetry operation known as a twin element. Twin elements can include mirror planes, rotation axes (typically two-fold), and rotation inversion, which are distinct from the natural...
Crystal Symmetry
Crystal symmetry refers to the regular arrangement of faces, edges, and other structural features in a crystal. This regularity constitutes the crystal's symmetry. The degree of symmetry varies in different minerals and is employed in the classification of crystals....
Crystal System
A Crystal system includes all the symmetry classes that share a similar constant of lattice parallelepiped. The classes are grouped into six crystal systems based on the absence or presence of certain types of rotation axes. Also, we can say that the basis of...
Maps and Map Reading
A map is a visual representation of the earth's surface on a flat surface, showing physical, political, or other features. Map reading is the process of understanding the information on the map and how it relates to the actual ground. It's about knowing what the...
Geological Time Scale
What is the Geological Time Scale? The geological time scale is a system geologists use to subdivide the great span of time since the origin of the Earth. In other words, when the duration (time range) of the division in the geological column is given in terms of...